新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流天气对比分析

为了研究麦收期间强对流天气的发生发展规律，利用常规观测资料、中尺度分析产品和卫星雷达资料，对新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流过程进行对比分析。结果表明：6月4日的强对流是由地面辐合线触发的；6月5日的强对流是地面冷空气触发的；上干冷下暖湿的垂直结构是产生强对流天气的有利条件；三体散射和悬垂结构预示有冰雹和雷雨大风；中尺度辐合线、辐合区、逆风区的出现和维持是产生局地强降水的一个比较有用的预报依据；维持较大的垂直液态含水量可产生比较大的降水。由此提炼出不同类型强对流天气的预报预警指标，为农业防灾减灾提供科学参考，最大限度地减轻气象灾害造成的不利影响。     

成为有效教师的新路径探析

随着课改的深入,有效教学成了讨论的焦点,然而只要存在教学,教师作为教学工作的中心地位就不能动摇。美国教育家鲍里奇提出的＂有效教师＂的概念无疑为开拓教学方法改革提供了新的思路。本文旨在通过分析教师教学行为的＂有效性＂,在教学准备上探索成为＂有效教师＂的新路径。     

证券期望收益率同值变动时有效边界平移分析

先证明证券市场所有证券同值变动时，证券有效边界将上下平行移动，然后引入无差异曲线来说明市场中证券期望收益率同方向变化且变化值相差不大时，不必改变证券组合。     

一种宗地四至自动赋值的方法探究

农村土地经营权确权项目关乎民生,项目中需要确权的农村土地不仅数据量大,而且形状各异。其中,宗地四至的信息录入,人工识别效率低且容易出错,若利用现有的地理信息软件工具进行二次开发,实现宗地四至自动赋值,将有效提高效率、降低出错率。笔者探讨了基于ArcGIS Engine的二次开发,用最长界址线法来自动获取宗地四至信息,该方法已经运用到湖南省常德市桃源县农村承包经营权确权登记项目中,达到了一定的效果。     

Can genetic diversity be maintained during mass selection of the Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis?

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species and food source in Eastern Asia. This study assesses the changes in genetic diversity in successive generations of early‐ and late‐maturing strains of E. sinensis using 30 microsatellite markers with high polymorphism. The mean average number of alleles (N) in the founder population (G0), first generation (G1), second generation (G2) and third generation (G3) of the early‐maturing strain were 18.367, 14.800, 16.400 and 16.533, respectively; while in late‐maturing strain the values were 18.500, 16.267, 14.367 and 16.533 respectively. Likewise, there was a slight decline in average allelic richness (R_s) in the three successive generations. In both strains, the mean observed heterozygosity (H_o) remained relatively constant for the early‐maturing strain and the values were 0.655, 0.667, 0.685 and 0.705, respectively; and for the late‐maturing strain these were 0.665, 0.672, 0.688 and 0.702 respectively. Similarly, the expected heterozygosity (H_e) remained constant, ranging from 0.823 to 0.854. There was a decrease in effective population sizes (N_e) of the early‐maturing strain with successive generations: values were 492.2, 35.0, 134.7 and 193.2, respectively; while the values in the late‐maturing strain were 1268.5, 75.6, 111.5 and 97.2 respectively. All pairwise population distances were very close in both strains. In conclusion, these results suggest that mass selection of E. sinensis did not significantly diminish genetic diversity although there was a decline for the N_e. Therefore, it is important to maintain sufficient broodstock numbers and a large effective population when following a selective breeding programme.     

辽宁地区玉米耗水量与产量的关系

为探讨生长季自然降水条件下水分状况对玉米产量的影响,利用锦州2011、2012年和2014年玉米分期播种试验数据和1981—2010年辽宁农业气象历史资料,研究干旱年份水分与玉米产量的定量关系。结果表明:玉米产量和总耗水量间呈二次抛物线的关系(R~2=0.793,F=105,P=0.0001,n=57),当耗水量达到400~600 mm时,玉米能够获得高产;玉米不同生育阶段需水量呈现抽雄~乳熟期拔节~抽雄期出苗~拔节期乳熟~成熟期播种~出苗期的变化规律,各阶段日耗水强度分别为5.75、4.78、2.36、1.84 mm·d~(-1)和1.35 mm·d~(-1)。在分析相对叶面积指数和相对作物系数关系的基础上,提出了作物水分胁迫系数的相对叶面积订正方法,建立了以Jenson模型为基础的玉米水分生产函数模型。     

夏玉米蒸散优化参数模型及参数敏感性分析

分别采用2种不同的冠层阻力模型和土壤阻力模型,组合成4种Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)模型,模拟夏玉米农田灌浆期的逐时蒸散量,以涡度相关法观测蒸散量为实测值检验模型改进的效果,找出最优冠层阻力模型和土壤阻力模型,并分析最优S-W模型对各阻力参数的敏感性。结果表明:李俊改进型有效叶面积指数冠层阻力模型和Sellers土壤阻力模型组合的S-W模型模拟效果最好,S-W模型估算玉米田蒸散的精度显著提高,蒸散发模拟值与实测值的相关系数、一致性指数更接近1,蒸散发模拟的相对误差和均方根误差变小。敏感性分析表明,在计算各个阻力参数模型中,S-W1模型估算蒸散发对冠层阻力最敏感,其次是土壤阻力和有效叶面积指数;采用改进型有效叶面积指数冠层阻力模型和Sellers土壤阻力参数模型组合后,在一定程度上提高了模型精度,提高了计算准确率。     

温度对稻螟赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的生长发育和寄生潜能的影响

【目的】本研究旨在明确不同温度下稻螟赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的生长发育状况及寄生潜能。【方法】分别在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、33℃下,编制了吉林稻螟赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的生命表,根据不同温度下稻螟赤眼蜂的发育历期、发育速率计算世代发育起点温度、世代有效积温,并采用线性回归模型对发育速率进行拟合。【结果】稻螟赤眼蜂平均单雌寄生米蛾卵数随着温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,30℃时最高,达29.75粒,除与25℃下无显著差异外,均显著高于其他温度;雌蜂平均寿命随温度升高而下降,15℃时寿命显著长于其他温度,当温度高于30℃时,其寿命均短于0.82d;25℃时,稻螟赤眼蜂羽化率最高,达98.14%;15℃时,羽化率最低,只有67.96%。稻螟赤眼蜂的发育速率与温度呈显著线性关系,其发育起点温度为11.49℃,世代有效积温为131.39℃·d。【结论】利用米蛾卵繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂时,温度对其有显著影响,综合生命表参数、单雌寄生米蛾卵数、雌蜂寿命、羽化率等指标,提高利用米蛾卵工厂化繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂的最佳温度为25℃~30℃。     

不同生育时期冬小麦叶片相对含水量高光谱监测

为实现冬小麦不同生育时期叶片水分含量的快速监测,以冬小麦冠层高光谱数据和红外热成像数据为基础,计算得到5种光谱参数,通过对不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与光谱参数拟合状况进行分析和筛选,分别构建了基于光谱参数的叶片相对含水量反演模型,并对模型进行检验。结果表明,不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与比值指数（RVI）、归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）、比值/归一化植被指数（R/ND）、优化土壤调整植被指数（OSAVI）、冠气温差（TDc-a）均呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）;拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期叶片相对含水量分别与NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a拟合效果较好,决定系数分别为0.842、0.884、0.831、0.864和0.945;预测模型的均方根误差分别为0.019、0.016、0.027、0.032和0.024,相对误差分别为2.16%、1.80%、3.30%、3.81%和3.53%。因此,在拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期,可以分别利用NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a估测冬小麦叶片相对含水量。     

Growth and Physiological Performance of Aerobic and Lowland Rice as Affected by Water Stress at Selected Growth Stages

Aerobic rice technology is still new in Malaysia, and information regarding MARDI Aerob 1 (MA1), the first local aerobic rice variety, is still lacking. Therefore, comparative studies were carried out to determine the physiological performance of aerobic rice variety MA1 and lowland rice variety MR253 under water stress given at the panicle initiation, flowering and ripening stages. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Stomatal conductance (g_s), chlorophyll a fluorescence (F_v/F_m), leaf relative water content (leaf RWC), and soil moisture content (SMC) as well as yield component parameters such as panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight were measured. Results revealed that g_s and leaf RWC for both varieties decreased with depletion of SMC. The correlation study between the physiological parameters and SMC indicated that F_v/F_m was not affected by water stress, regardless of varieties. The yield components (panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight) for both varieties greatly decreased when water stress was imposed at the panicle initiation stage. This study showed that the panicle initiation period was the most sensitive stage to water stress that contributed to a substantial reduction in yield for both varieties. Under the aerobic condition (control), MR253 produced higher panicle number, 100-grain weight and yield than MA1. Although MR253 is bred for lowland, it is well adapted to aerobic condition.